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Solid Waste Management
Solid Waste Management (SWM)
The overall amount of mercury in the mercury containing lamps (MCL) market in Sub-Saharan Africa is low compared to other sources of mercury, yet it can be further reduced up-stream by improving lamp lifetime and mercury content. One of the main objectives of this report is to provide policy-makers with the knowledge and tools they need when confronted with a potentially significant flow of end of life mercury containing lamps and the potential mercury pollution it could generate, either airborne or by seeping through the ground to water bodies.
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The Korean government introduced its Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system in 2000 that strengthened producers responsibility from the production stage up to collection and recycling. EPR system is applied to four packaging materials (paper packaging, glass bottles, metal cans, and plastic packaging), lubricants, tires, fluorescent light bulbs, batteries and electronic products.
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Municipal solid waste (MSW) management system is one of the key components of a country's overall environmental and resource efficiency framework. Inefficient MSW treatment in Russia today is causing negative environmental impact, and results in suboptimal use of raw materials and energy. If Russia optimized its MSW management policy and implemented modern technologies, by 2025 it could fully shift towards environmentally friendly MSW management system and recover up to 45% of waste.
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Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) launched by Government of India has been the cornerstone of a decentralized, incentive based approach to achieve rural sanitation objectives. The scheme has developed strategic components to ensure coverage of sanitation facilities through financial and programmatic support for households, and for institutional and community sanitation. Construction of toilets needs to be complemented with mechanisms of waste handling to ensure a safe and hygienic environment in the rural areas.
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The social issues involved in solid waste management (SWM) projects are oftentimes complex and city specific; solutions require a solid understanding of technical, social and cultural issues. Understanding the social dimensions of a solid waste project is a crucial element of the long-term sustainability of the project.
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With rapid urbanization, population growth, and new economic activity, municipal solid waste is increasing at alarming rates, and is expected to almost triple in low and lower middle income countries by 2025. At the same time, solid waste management (SWM) systems in most developing countries are underfunded and suffer from a lack of planning. Improving SWM requires intervention all along the supply chain. Such improvements do not necessarily require major financial investment.
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Over half the world’s population cooks primarily with wood, charcoal, coal, crop waste, or dung. This share is currently increasing or stagnant in most regions. Dependence on solid fuels is one of the world’s major public health challenges, causing more premature deaths than HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined. The use of solid fuels and stoves also imposes significant economic costs on societies that can least afford them and contributes to adverse environmental and climate change effects.
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The global sanitation workforce bridges the gap between sanitation infrastructure and the provision of sanitation services. Sanitation workers provide an essential public service but often at the cost of their dignity, safety, health, and living conditions. They are some of the most vulnerable workers. They are far too often invisible, unquantified, and ostracized, and many of the challenges they face stem from this fundamental lack of acknowledgment.
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This report Strategic assessment of solid waste management services and systems in Nepal is prepared by the World Bank Team in consultations with various Government agencies and Development Partners. These stakeholders had provided rich and detailed input throughout the process, prioritized the selection of study areas, and provided guidance on the initial and final findings and recommendations of the report.
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The global sanitation workforce bridges the gap between sanitation infrastructure and the provision of sanitation services. Sanitation workers provide an essential public service but often at the cost of their dignity, safety, health, and living conditions. They are some of the most vulnerable workers. They are far too often invisible, unquantified, and ostracized, and many of the challenges they face stem from this fundamental lack of acknowledgment.