Since 2000 the municipal waste management sector in BiH is under reform driven by the policy framework of the European Union (EU). As a potential candidate country for EU accession Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) has initiated harmonization of its legislation with that of the EU. The existing waste management set-up for both waste collection and disposal is inadequate in most municipalities. The recycling industry in FBiH is not well developed mainly due to the limited size of the market. This solid waste management (SWM) sector reform study was conducted to assist Bosnia and Herzegovina's efforts towards advancing in the solid waste management sector especially in view of its commitment to harmonize sector practices and approaches with EU legislation.