Municipal Finance
This roadmap is based on analyses of the experiences with waste management in Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Japan, Romania, and the European Union (EU) generally. The experiences of other countries concerning waste management - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Russia - have also informed the document.
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In 1992, the Government of the Philippines embarked on a mission to bring decommissioned U.S. military bases into productive use through the Bases Conversion and Development Authority Act.1 Fort Bonifacio, a defunct base on the outskirts of Manila, held great potential due to its proximity to the city and available infrastructure.
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In the early 1980s, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) decided to cease all cargo ship operations along Brooklyn’s Piers 1 to 6 due to a decline in use, as cargo was increasingly going to other ports. As a result, the piers became a barren, post-industrial site with little activity. Even so, the area had significant potential for reuse, in part due to its panoramic views of the Manhattan skyline across the East River.
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In the late 1980s, Copenhagen wrestled with the challenge of how to use the city’s underperforming assets to build large-scale infrastructure. The city responded to the challenge with an innovative institutional arrangement - a publicly-owned, privately-run corporation- the Copenhagen (CPH) City & Port Development Corporation.
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The “Diepsloot Node” is a mixed-income, predominantly residential area located between the City of Johannesburg and the suburbs of Midrand and Centurion (in the City of Tshwane) to the north. The Diepsloot Node is bounded to the south by an upmarket, gated development known as Dainfern and the low-income suburb of Diepsloot to the north.
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In the 1990s, Phu My Hung (PMH) was undeveloped swampland located seven kilometers to the south of downtown Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC). Today, PMH is one of the most coveted residential areas in Vietnam and its transformation is referenced as a national model for urban development. PMH was one of the first land-based financing projects since Vietnam’s reunification in 1975.
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The Porto Maravilha Urban Regeneration Project used the sale of development rights to transform a decaying industrial waterfront in Rio de Janeiro into a vibrant mixed-use zone with renewed urban infrastructure, while preserving its historical identity and heritage.
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In the early 1980s, the Province of Ontario (Canada), sought to improve the quality of life in communities where development and intensification were taking place and to address the need for additional public services and infrastructure that resulted from increasing populations.
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By 2050, the world is expected to generate 3.40 billion tons of waste annually, increasing drastically from today’s 2.01 billion tons. What a Waste 2.0: A Global Snapshot of Solid Waste Management to 2050 aggregates extensive solid waste data at the national and urban levels. It estimates and projects waste generation to 2030 and 2050.
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Melaka State in Malaysia has strong sustainability aspirations and is an important member of the Global Platform for Sustainable Cities (GPSC). To inform the next update to Melaka’s State Structure Plan, GPSC performed a sustainability outlook diagnostic to holistically consider six dimensions of the state’s urban sustainability.