Policy and Governance

In 2016, the Government of Bulgaria (GoB) decided to initiate spending reviews (RS) to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of its spending in the context of a moderate fiscal consolidation process. Although Bulgaria has one of the lowest overall spending in the European Union (EU), spending outcomes lag those of other EU member states. In the case of waste management, Bulgaria spends the most among comparable EU countries, but outcomes could be significantly improved.

 

Vietnam has set as its objective, under the Vietnam Green Growth Strategy, the greening of production and of consumption, with a strong focus on proactive prevention of pollution, waste management and recycling, greener technologies, and greener cities. This ASA specifically looks at the issue of integrated solid waste management in Vietnam.

Vietnam has set as its objective, under the Vietnam Green Growth Strategy, the greening of production and of consumption, with a strong focus on proactive prevention of pollution, waste management and recycling, greener technologies, and greener cities. This ASA specifically looks at the issue of integrated solid waste management in Vietnam. The main objective of this ASA is to identify critical concerns, highlight gaps, and prioritize actions for enhancing sector performance of solid waste management in Vietnam.

The activity developed a review of the solid waste sector in Croatia involving seven topical studies across two dimensions; Three studies covered cross-cutting bottlenecks in the areas of a) governance, b) financial aspects, and c) business opportunities, and four technical reports addressed implementation constraints for the most challenging investments as well as technical issues hindering national Waste Management Plan (WMP) implementation: a) Waste Management Centers (WMC) and sorting, b) packaging waste, c) separation at source, and d) brownfields.

Nepal is experiencing a shift from a unitary to a three-tier government structure. The transition has led to increased financial independence and decision-making responsibilities for urban local level (ULL) governments. Solid waste management is primarily the responsibility of the ULLGs. Legally, the ULLGs can also formulate their own regulations in order to manage the waste efficiently.

By 2050, it is estimated that nearly half the world’s population will reside in cities. Bulging population in cities coupled with their rising income levels has led to an increase in the amount of waste generated by these urban centers. Cities and towns across the globe today face acute challenges in managing their waste in terms of its efficient collection, transportation and scientific disposal. Moreover, they need to comply with the prevalent environment standards and negate any adverse impact on general public health and environment.

The study of Korea’s economic and social transformation offers a unique window of opportunity to better understand the factors that drive development. Within approximately a single generation, Korea transformed itself from an aid-recipient basket-case to a donor country undergoing fast-paced and sustained economic growth. What makes Korea’s experience even more remarkable is that the fruits of Korea’s rapid growth were relatively widely shared.