Greening Cities

Integrating urban biodiversity, natural capital accounting and nature-based solutions

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Greening Cities
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This report aims to identify strategic actions to increase investment in NBS for climate resilience in SSA by evaluating over a decade of NBS project investment and assessing a range of policy, financial, institutional, social, and technical barriers to adoption. We examined historical and projected data for climate hazards in the region to provide background on the challenges SSA faces.
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The built environment sector is critical to achieving a nature-positive future, as it is responsible for nearly 30% of biodiversity loss globally, 50% of global raw materials extraction, 40% of waste streams, and 40% of CO2 emissions.
 
By 2025, the construction industry is predicted to generate 2.2 billion tons of waste annually. Of this, approximately 77 million tonnes (35%) end up in landfills each year.
 
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This report, as part of the Compendium for City Good Practice series, highlights Paris's innovative approach to climate resilience through the strategic integration of nature into urban environments.
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Globally, 70 percent of greenhouse gas emissions emanate from cities. At the same time, cities are being hit increasingly by climate change related shocks and stresses, ranging from more frequent extreme weather events to inflows of climate migrants. This report analyzes how these shocks and stresses are interacting with other urban stresses to determine the greenness, resilience, and inclusiveness of urban and national development.
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International Development Association (IDA) participants requested that the World Bank develop a methodology to identify, monitor, and track nature-positive World Bank investments in support of biodiversity and ecosystems services, in line with the increased support for nature in the IDA20 special focus on green, climate-friendly development.
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Scaling funding to effective nature-based solutions (NbS) for adaptation is key to tackle climate change and support sustainable development. NbS can play a crucial role in adaptation and investments deliver multidimensional benefits for climate mitigation, resilience, people and livelihoods as well as the protection, maintenance, or enhancement of biodiversity. UNEP estimates that approximately $11tn of investment in NbS is required between 2022 to 2050, equating to over $500bn of annual investment by 2030.
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Nature as infrastructure has the potential to be a transformative concept for development. It goes beyond nature-based solutions or mitigating the impact of human development on nature. Infrastructure is traditionally defined as the organizational structures and facilities that allow for the operation of society. It should now be clear that nature is an inseparable part of it. The degradation of nature and biodiversity over the past decades thus poses an existential risk as much as climate change. This must be reversed quickly, together with climate change.
 
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This report was first published before the final decision on the Global Biodiversity Framework was made at the CBD meeting in December 2022. Some important issues relating to implementation of Target 3 are still being discussed; the text remains ambiguous in places and it will take several months to interpret and agree ways forward. However, the practical guidance outlined below has not been affected by revisions at the CBD Conference of Parties.
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This guide is about how to plan and implement the new global target for effectively and equitably conserving at least 30% of the Earth by 2030. The Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), adopted by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity in December 2022, includes Target 3, the “30x30” target.
 
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The State of Finance for Nature is a series that aims to quantify public and private finance flows to nature-based solutions and the extent to which finance flows are aligned with global targets and the investment needed to limit global warming to below 1.5°C, halt biodiversity loss and achieve land degradation neutrality. It has a broader scope than the inaugural report in 2021.
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