Health
Maintaining the delivery of basic urban service—including waste collection and management—is becoming a growing challenge to cities grappling with the fallout from COVID-19. Every year the world generates over 2 billion metric tons of municipal solid waste. The World Bank estimates that by 2050 annual waste generation will increase by 70 percent—to 3.4 billion metric tons. In low-income countries, the volume of waste is expected to triple by 2050, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Cities are getting hotter as a result of growing urbanization and global climate change. The negative impacts of temperature increases are significant and touch nearly every aspect of urban life. Protecting populations from extreme heat is one of the key resiliency and sustainability challenges of the twenty- first century.
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The living environment is an important resource for Chinese cities to response the challenge of aging population. In an ideal living environment, elderlies can obtain necessary support when their physical functions gradually decline due to aging. Their service needs arising out of weakened self-care ability and sharp decline in family care resources can be satisfied in a timely manner. The loneliness that may be caused by transformation of social roles can be appropriately eased.
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The Safe Access Manual offers recommendations to develop safe access to mass transit stations in Indian cities. An investment of 15 billion USD has already been made across various cities to develop mass transit infrastructure such as metro rail and bus rapid transit. Improving access to mass transit in India can serve multiple objectives—provide safe, affordable and sustainable commuting options, create vibrant public spaces and serve its communities’ needs.